Refereed Journal

An International Multidisciplinary Journal of Languages JOURNAL AIMS & SCOPE: LANGUAGES JOURNAL is an international, multi-disciplinary, refereed (peer-reviewed) journal aiming to promote and enhance research in all fields of learning Languages. The journal is published by Open University of Sudan (in Sudan, and is intended for readers in the scholarly community who deal with learning systems analysis & design. LANGUAGES JOURNAL provides a platform for debate and dissemination of research findings, new research areas and techniques, conceptual developments, and articles with practical application to any learning Languages segment. Besides research papers, the journal welcomes book reviews, conference reports, case studies, research notes and commentaries. LANGUAGES JOURNAL aims at: • Disseminating and promoting research, good practice and innovation in all aspects of learning Languages to its prime audience including educators, researchers, post-graduate students, policy makers, and industry practitioners. • Encouraging international scientific cooperation and understanding, and enhancing multi-disciplinary research across all learning Languages sectors. The scope of the journal is international and all papers submitted are subject to strict blind peer review by its Editorial Board and by other anonymous international reviewers. The journal features conceptual and empirical papers, and editorial policy is to invite the submission of manuscripts from academics, researchers, post-graduate students, policy-makers and industry practitioners. The Editorial Board will be looking particularly for articles about new trends and developments within different sectors of learning Languages, and the application of new ideas and developments that are likely to affect distance & open learning in the future. LANGUAGES JOURNAL also welcomes submission of manuscripts in areas that may not be directly learning Languages-related but cover a topic that is of interest to researchers, educators, policy-makers and practitioners in various fields of learning Languages. The material published in LANGUAGES JOURNAL covers all scientific, conceptual and applied disciplines related to learning Languages, management, planning and development, marketing, human resources, information and communication technologies, service quality, and education. Manuscripts published in LANGUAGES JOURNAL should not have been published previously in any copyright form (print or electronic/online). The general criteria for the acceptance of articles are: • Contribution to the promotion of scientific knowledge in the greater multi-disciplinary field of learning Languages. • Adequate and relevant literature review. • Scientifically valid and reliable methodology. • Clarity of writing. • Acceptable quality of English language. LANGUAGES JOURNAL is published twice per year. Each issue includes the following sections: editorial, research papers, research notes, case studies, book reviews, conference reports, industry viewpoints, and forthcoming events. Open Access Policy LANGUAGES JOURNAL is an Open Access journal, conforming fully to the Open University of Sudan. LANGUAGES JOURNAL is permitting its users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of its articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, is to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited. NOTES FOR CONTRIBUTORS Manuscript Submission Procedure Manuscripts should be written as understandably and concisely as possible with clarity and meaningfulness. Submission of a manuscript to LANGUAGES JOURNAL represents a certification on the part of the author(s) that it is an original work and has not been copyrighted elsewhere; manuscripts that are eventually published may not be reproduced in any other publication (print or electronic), as their copyright has been transferred to LANGUAGES JOURNAL. Submissions are accepted only in electronic form; authors are requested to submit one copy of each manuscript by email attachment. All manuscripts should be emailed to the Editor-in-Chief (Dr. Omer Hago hago@ous.ed.sd), and depending on the nature of the manuscript submissions should also be emailed as follows: • Conference reports should be emailed directly to the Conference Reports Editor. • Book reviews should be emailed directly to the Book Reviews Editor. • Full papers and all other types of manuscripts should be emailed directly to the Managing Editor. Feedback regarding the submission of a manuscript (including the reviewers' comments) will be provided to the author(s) within six weeks of the receipt of the manuscript. Submission of a manuscript will be held to imply that it contains original unpublished work not being considered for publication elsewhere at the same time. Each author of a manuscript accepted for publication will receive three complimentary copies of the issue, and will also have to sign a “transfer of copyright” form. If appropriate, author(s) can correct first proofs. Manuscripts submitted to LANGUAGES JOURNAL, accepted for publication or not, cannot be returned to the author(s). Manuscript Length Research Papers should be not longer than 6000 words and not shorter than 4000. Research Notes should be not longer than 2000 words and not shorter than 1000. Case Studies should be not longer than 3500 words and not shorter than 2500. Book Reviews should be not longer than 1500 words and not shorter than 1000. Conference Reports should be not longer than 2000 words and not shorter than 1000. Industry Viewpoints should be not longer than 1500 words and not shorter than 500. Forthcoming Events should be not longer than 500 words. Manuscripts that do not fully conform to the above word limits (according to the type of the article) will be automatically rejected and should not be entered into the reviewing process. Manuscript Style & Preparation All submissions (research papers, research notes, case studies, book reviews, conference reports, industry viewpoints, and forthcoming events) must have a title of no more than 12 words. Manuscripts should be double-line spaced, and have at least 2,5 cm (one-inch) margin on all four sides. Pages should be numbered consecutively. The use of footnotes within the text is discouraged – use endnotes instead. Endnotes should be kept to a minimum, be used to provide additional comments and discussion, and should be numbered consecutively in the text and typed on a separate page at the end of the article. Quotations must be taken accurately from the original source. Alterations to the quotations must be noted. Quotation marks (“ ”) are to be used to denote direct quotes. Inverted commas (‘ ‘) should denote a quote within a quotation. If the quotation is less than 3 lines, then it should be included in the main text enclosed in quotation marks. If the quotation is more than 3 lines, then it should be separated from the main text and indented. The name(s) of any sponsor(s) of the research contained in the manuscript, or any other acknowledgements, should appear at the very end of the manuscript. Tables, figures and illustrations are to be included in the text and to be numbered consecutively (in Arabic numbers). Each table, figure or illustration must have a title. The text should be organized under appropriate section headings, which, ideally, should not be more than 500-700 words apart. The main body of the text should be written in Times New Roman letters, font size 12. Section headings should be written in Arial letters, font size 12, and should be marked as follows: primary headings should be centred and typed in bold capitals and underlined; secondary headings should be typed with italic bold capital letters; other headings should be typed in capital letters. Authors are urged to write as concisely as possible, but not at the expense of clarity. Authors submitting papers for publication should specify which section of the journal they wish their paper to be considered for: research papers, research notes, case studies, book reviews, conference reports, industry viewpoints, and forthcoming events. Author(s) are responsible for preparing manuscripts which are clearly written in acceptable, scholarly English, and which contain no errors of spelling, grammar, or punctuation. Neither the Editorial Board nor the Publisher is responsible for correcting errors of spelling or grammar. Where acronyms are used, their full expression should be given initially. Authors are asked to ensure that there are no libellous implications in their work. Manuscript Presentation For submission, manuscripts of research papers, research notes and case studies should be arranged in the following order of presentation: • First page: title, subtitle (if required), author's name and surname, affiliation, full postal address, telephone and fax numbers, and e-mail address. Respective names, affiliations and addresses of co-author(s) should be clearly indicated. Also, include an abstract of not more than 150 words and up to 6 keywords that identify article content. Also include a short biography of the author (about 50 words); in the case of co-author(s), the same details should also be included. All correspondence will be sent to the first named author, unless otherwise indicated. • Second page: title, an abstract of not more than 150 words and up to 6 keywords that identify article content. Do not include the author(s) details, affiliation(s), and biographies in this page. • Subsequent pages: the paper should begin on the third page and should not subsequently reveal the title or authors. In these pages should be included the main body of text (including tables, figures and illustrations); list of references; appendixes; and endnotes (numbered consecutively). • The author(s) should ensure that their names cannot be identified anywhere in the text. Referencing Style In the text, references should be cited with parentheses using the “author, date” style - for example for single citations (Hago, 2004), or for multiple citations (Isaac, 1998; Hago, 2003). Page numbers for specific points or direct quotations must be given (i.e., Hago, 2004: 312-313). The Reference list, placed at the end of the manuscript, must be typed in alphabetical order of authors. The specific format is: • For journal papers: Tribe, J. (2002). The philosophic practitioner. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 29, No.2, pp.338-357. • For books and monographs: Teare, R. & Ingram, H. (1993). Strategic Management: A Resource-Based Approach for the Hospitality and Tourism Industries. London, Cassell. • For chapters in edited books: Sigala, M. and Christou, E. (2002). Use of Internet for enhancing tourism and hospitality education: lessons from Europe. In K.W. Wober, A.J. Frew and M. Hitz (Eds.) Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, Wien: Springer-Verlag. • For papers presented in conferences: Ford, B. (2004). Adoption of innovations on hospitality. Paper presented at the 22nd EuroCHRIE Conference. Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey: 3-7 November 2004. • For unpublished works: Hago, O. (2009). The impact of ecology on translation, Unpublished PhD Thesis. Khartoum, Sudan: Open University of Sudan. • For Internet sources (if you know the author): Johns, D. (2003) The power of branding in tourism. Ηttp://www.tourismabstracts.org/marketing/papers-authors/id3456. Accessed the 12 th of January 2005, at 14:55. (Note: always state clearly the full URL of your source) • For Internet sources (if you do not know the author): Tourism supply and demand. Ηttp://www.tourismabstracts.org/marketing/papers-authors/id3456. Accessed the 30 th of January 2004, at 12:35. (Note: always state clearly the full URL of your source) • For reports: Edelstein, L. G. & Benini, C. (1994). Meetings and Conventions. Meetings market report (August), 60-82.